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use crate::cell::UnsafeCell; use crate::fmt; use crate::mem; use crate::ops::{Deref, DerefMut}; use crate::ptr; use crate::sys_common::poison::{self, LockResult, TryLockError, TryLockResult}; use crate::sys_common::rwlock as sys; /// A reader-writer lock /// /// This type of lock allows a number of readers or at most one writer at any /// point in time. The write portion of this lock typically allows modification /// of the underlying data (exclusive access) and the read portion of this lock /// typically allows for read-only access (shared access). /// /// In comparison, a [`Mutex`] does not distinguish between readers or writers /// that acquire the lock, therefore blocking any threads waiting for the lock to /// become available. An `RwLock` will allow any number of readers to acquire the /// lock as long as a writer is not holding the lock. /// /// The priority policy of the lock is dependent on the underlying operating /// system's implementation, and this type does not guarantee that any /// particular policy will be used. /// /// The type parameter `T` represents the data that this lock protects. It is /// required that `T` satisfies [`Send`] to be shared across threads and /// [`Sync`] to allow concurrent access through readers. The RAII guards /// returned from the locking methods implement [`Deref`][] (and [`DerefMut`] /// for the `write` methods) to allow access to the content of the lock. /// /// # Poisoning /// /// An `RwLock`, like [`Mutex`], will become poisoned on a panic. Note, however, /// that an `RwLock` may only be poisoned if a panic occurs while it is locked /// exclusively (write mode). If a panic occurs in any reader, then the lock /// will not be poisoned. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::sync::RwLock; /// /// let lock = RwLock::new(5); /// /// // many reader locks can be held at once /// { /// let r1 = lock.read().unwrap(); /// let r2 = lock.read().unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(*r1, 5); /// assert_eq!(*r2, 5); /// } // read locks are dropped at this point /// /// // only one write lock may be held, however /// { /// let mut w = lock.write().unwrap(); /// *w += 1; /// assert_eq!(*w, 6); /// } // write lock is dropped here /// ``` /// /// [`Deref`]: ../../std/ops/trait.Deref.html /// [`DerefMut`]: ../../std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html /// [`Send`]: ../../std/marker/trait.Send.html /// [`Sync`]: ../../std/marker/trait.Sync.html /// [`Mutex`]: struct.Mutex.html #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub struct RwLock<T: ?Sized> { inner: Box<sys::RWLock>, poison: poison::Flag, data: UnsafeCell<T>, } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Send> Send for RwLock<T> {} #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Send + Sync> Sync for RwLock<T> {} /// RAII structure used to release the shared read access of a lock when /// dropped. /// /// This structure is created by the [`read`] and [`try_read`] methods on /// [`RwLock`]. /// /// [`read`]: struct.RwLock.html#method.read /// [`try_read`]: struct.RwLock.html#method.try_read /// [`RwLock`]: struct.RwLock.html #[must_use = "if unused the RwLock will immediately unlock"] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub struct RwLockReadGuard<'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> { __lock: &'a RwLock<T>, } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<T: ?Sized> !Send for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> {} #[stable(feature = "rwlock_guard_sync", since = "1.23.0")] unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Sync> Sync for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> {} /// RAII structure used to release the exclusive write access of a lock when /// dropped. /// /// This structure is created by the [`write`] and [`try_write`] methods /// on [`RwLock`]. /// /// [`write`]: struct.RwLock.html#method.write /// [`try_write`]: struct.RwLock.html#method.try_write /// [`RwLock`]: struct.RwLock.html #[must_use = "if unused the RwLock will immediately unlock"] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub struct RwLockWriteGuard<'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> { __lock: &'a RwLock<T>, __poison: poison::Guard, } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<T: ?Sized> !Send for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> {} #[stable(feature = "rwlock_guard_sync", since = "1.23.0")] unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Sync> Sync for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> {} impl<T> RwLock<T> { /// Creates a new instance of an `RwLock<T>` which is unlocked. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::sync::RwLock; /// /// let lock = RwLock::new(5); /// ``` #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub fn new(t: T) -> RwLock<T> { RwLock { inner: box sys::RWLock::new(), poison: poison::Flag::new(), data: UnsafeCell::new(t), } } } impl<T: ?Sized> RwLock<T> { /// Locks this rwlock with shared read access, blocking the current thread /// until it can be acquired. /// /// The calling thread will be blocked until there are no more writers which /// hold the lock. There may be other readers currently inside the lock when /// this method returns. This method does not provide any guarantees with /// respect to the ordering of whether contentious readers or writers will /// acquire the lock first. /// /// Returns an RAII guard which will release this thread's shared access /// once it is dropped. /// /// # Errors /// /// This function will return an error if the RwLock is poisoned. An RwLock /// is poisoned whenever a writer panics while holding an exclusive lock. /// The failure will occur immediately after the lock has been acquired. /// /// # Panics /// /// This function might panic when called if the lock is already held by the current thread. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock}; /// use std::thread; /// /// let lock = Arc::new(RwLock::new(1)); /// let c_lock = lock.clone(); /// /// let n = lock.read().unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(*n, 1); /// /// thread::spawn(move || { /// let r = c_lock.read(); /// assert!(r.is_ok()); /// }).join().unwrap(); /// ``` #[inline] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub fn read(&self) -> LockResult<RwLockReadGuard<'_, T>> { unsafe { self.inner.read(); RwLockReadGuard::new(self) } } /// Attempts to acquire this rwlock with shared read access. /// /// If the access could not be granted at this time, then `Err` is returned. /// Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will release the shared access /// when it is dropped. /// /// This function does not block. /// /// This function does not provide any guarantees with respect to the ordering /// of whether contentious readers or writers will acquire the lock first. /// /// # Errors /// /// This function will return an error if the RwLock is poisoned. An RwLock /// is poisoned whenever a writer panics while holding an exclusive lock. An /// error will only be returned if the lock would have otherwise been /// acquired. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::sync::RwLock; /// /// let lock = RwLock::new(1); /// /// match lock.try_read() { /// Ok(n) => assert_eq!(*n, 1), /// Err(_) => unreachable!(), /// }; /// ``` #[inline] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub fn try_read(&self) -> TryLockResult<RwLockReadGuard<'_, T>> { unsafe { if self.inner.try_read() { Ok(RwLockReadGuard::new(self)?) } else { Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock) } } } /// Locks this rwlock with exclusive write access, blocking the current /// thread until it can be acquired. /// /// This function will not return while other writers or other readers /// currently have access to the lock. /// /// Returns an RAII guard which will drop the write access of this rwlock /// when dropped. /// /// # Errors /// /// This function will return an error if the RwLock is poisoned. An RwLock /// is poisoned whenever a writer panics while holding an exclusive lock. /// An error will be returned when the lock is acquired. /// /// # Panics /// /// This function might panic when called if the lock is already held by the current thread. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::sync::RwLock; /// /// let lock = RwLock::new(1); /// /// let mut n = lock.write().unwrap(); /// *n = 2; /// /// assert!(lock.try_read().is_err()); /// ``` #[inline] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub fn write(&self) -> LockResult<RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T>> { unsafe { self.inner.write(); RwLockWriteGuard::new(self) } } /// Attempts to lock this rwlock with exclusive write access. /// /// If the lock could not be acquired at this time, then `Err` is returned. /// Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will release the lock when /// it is dropped. /// /// This function does not block. /// /// This function does not provide any guarantees with respect to the ordering /// of whether contentious readers or writers will acquire the lock first. /// /// # Errors /// /// This function will return an error if the RwLock is poisoned. An RwLock /// is poisoned whenever a writer panics while holding an exclusive lock. An /// error will only be returned if the lock would have otherwise been /// acquired. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::sync::RwLock; /// /// let lock = RwLock::new(1); /// /// let n = lock.read().unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(*n, 1); /// /// assert!(lock.try_write().is_err()); /// ``` #[inline] #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub fn try_write(&self) -> TryLockResult<RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T>> { unsafe { if self.inner.try_write() { Ok(RwLockWriteGuard::new(self)?) } else { Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock) } } } /// Determines whether the lock is poisoned. /// /// If another thread is active, the lock can still become poisoned at any /// time. You should not trust a `false` value for program correctness /// without additional synchronization. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock}; /// use std::thread; /// /// let lock = Arc::new(RwLock::new(0)); /// let c_lock = lock.clone(); /// /// let _ = thread::spawn(move || { /// let _lock = c_lock.write().unwrap(); /// panic!(); // the lock gets poisoned /// }).join(); /// assert_eq!(lock.is_poisoned(), true); /// ``` #[inline] #[stable(feature = "sync_poison", since = "1.2.0")] pub fn is_poisoned(&self) -> bool { self.poison.get() } /// Consumes this `RwLock`, returning the underlying data. /// /// # Errors /// /// This function will return an error if the RwLock is poisoned. An RwLock /// is poisoned whenever a writer panics while holding an exclusive lock. An /// error will only be returned if the lock would have otherwise been /// acquired. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::sync::RwLock; /// /// let lock = RwLock::new(String::new()); /// { /// let mut s = lock.write().unwrap(); /// *s = "modified".to_owned(); /// } /// assert_eq!(lock.into_inner().unwrap(), "modified"); /// ``` #[stable(feature = "rwlock_into_inner", since = "1.6.0")] pub fn into_inner(self) -> LockResult<T> where T: Sized { // We know statically that there are no outstanding references to // `self` so there's no need to lock the inner lock. // // To get the inner value, we'd like to call `data.into_inner()`, // but because `RwLock` impl-s `Drop`, we can't move out of it, so // we'll have to destructure it manually instead. unsafe { // Like `let RwLock { inner, poison, data } = self`. let (inner, poison, data) = { let RwLock { ref inner, ref poison, ref data } = self; (ptr::read(inner), ptr::read(poison), ptr::read(data)) }; mem::forget(self); inner.destroy(); // Keep in sync with the `Drop` impl. drop(inner); poison::map_result(poison.borrow(), |_| data.into_inner()) } } /// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying data. /// /// Since this call borrows the `RwLock` mutably, no actual locking needs to /// take place -- the mutable borrow statically guarantees no locks exist. /// /// # Errors /// /// This function will return an error if the RwLock is poisoned. An RwLock /// is poisoned whenever a writer panics while holding an exclusive lock. An /// error will only be returned if the lock would have otherwise been /// acquired. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use std::sync::RwLock; /// /// let mut lock = RwLock::new(0); /// *lock.get_mut().unwrap() = 10; /// assert_eq!(*lock.read().unwrap(), 10); /// ``` #[stable(feature = "rwlock_get_mut", since = "1.6.0")] pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> LockResult<&mut T> { // We know statically that there are no other references to `self`, so // there's no need to lock the inner lock. let data = unsafe { &mut *self.data.get() }; poison::map_result(self.poison.borrow(), |_| data) } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] unsafe impl<#[may_dangle] T: ?Sized> Drop for RwLock<T> { fn drop(&mut self) { // IMPORTANT: This code needs to be kept in sync with `RwLock::into_inner`. unsafe { self.inner.destroy() } } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<T: ?Sized + fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for RwLock<T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { match self.try_read() { Ok(guard) => f.debug_struct("RwLock").field("data", &&*guard).finish(), Err(TryLockError::Poisoned(err)) => { f.debug_struct("RwLock").field("data", &&**err.get_ref()).finish() }, Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock) => { struct LockedPlaceholder; impl fmt::Debug for LockedPlaceholder { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { f.write_str("<locked>") } } f.debug_struct("RwLock").field("data", &LockedPlaceholder).finish() } } } } #[stable(feature = "rw_lock_default", since = "1.10.0")] impl<T: Default> Default for RwLock<T> { /// Creates a new `RwLock<T>`, with the `Default` value for T. fn default() -> RwLock<T> { RwLock::new(Default::default()) } } #[stable(feature = "rw_lock_from", since = "1.24.0")] impl<T> From<T> for RwLock<T> { /// Creates a new instance of an `RwLock<T>` which is unlocked. /// This is equivalent to [`RwLock::new`]. /// /// [`RwLock::new`]: ../../std/sync/struct.RwLock.html#method.new fn from(t: T) -> Self { RwLock::new(t) } } impl<'rwlock, T: ?Sized> RwLockReadGuard<'rwlock, T> { unsafe fn new(lock: &'rwlock RwLock<T>) -> LockResult<RwLockReadGuard<'rwlock, T>> { poison::map_result(lock.poison.borrow(), |_| { RwLockReadGuard { __lock: lock, } }) } } impl<'rwlock, T: ?Sized> RwLockWriteGuard<'rwlock, T> { unsafe fn new(lock: &'rwlock RwLock<T>) -> LockResult<RwLockWriteGuard<'rwlock, T>> { poison::map_result(lock.poison.borrow(), |guard| { RwLockWriteGuard { __lock: lock, __poison: guard, } }) } } #[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")] impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { f.debug_struct("RwLockReadGuard") .field("lock", &self.__lock) .finish() } } #[stable(feature = "std_guard_impls", since = "1.20.0")] impl<T: ?Sized + fmt::Display> fmt::Display for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { (**self).fmt(f) } } #[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")] impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { f.debug_struct("RwLockWriteGuard") .field("lock", &self.__lock) .finish() } } #[stable(feature = "std_guard_impls", since = "1.20.0")] impl<T: ?Sized + fmt::Display> fmt::Display for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { (**self).fmt(f) } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<T: ?Sized> Deref for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> { type Target = T; fn deref(&self) -> &T { unsafe { &*self.__lock.data.get() } } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<T: ?Sized> Deref for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> { type Target = T; fn deref(&self) -> &T { unsafe { &*self.__lock.data.get() } } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<T: ?Sized> DerefMut for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> { fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T { unsafe { &mut *self.__lock.data.get() } } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<T: ?Sized> Drop for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> { fn drop(&mut self) { unsafe { self.__lock.inner.read_unlock(); } } } #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] impl<T: ?Sized> Drop for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> { fn drop(&mut self) { self.__lock.poison.done(&self.__poison); unsafe { self.__lock.inner.write_unlock(); } } } #[cfg(all(test, not(target_os = "emscripten")))] mod tests { use rand::{self, Rng}; use crate::sync::mpsc::channel; use crate::thread; use crate::sync::{Arc, RwLock, TryLockError}; use crate::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering}; #[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] struct NonCopy(i32); #[test] fn smoke() { let l = RwLock::new(()); drop(l.read().unwrap()); drop(l.write().unwrap()); drop((l.read().unwrap(), l.read().unwrap())); drop(l.write().unwrap()); } #[test] fn frob() { const N: u32 = 10; const M: usize = 1000; let r = Arc::new(RwLock::new(())); let (tx, rx) = channel::<()>(); for _ in 0..N { let tx = tx.clone(); let r = r.clone(); thread::spawn(move || { let mut rng = rand::thread_rng(); for _ in 0..M { if rng.gen_bool(1.0 / (N as f64)) { drop(r.write().unwrap()); } else { drop(r.read().unwrap()); } } drop(tx); }); } drop(tx); let _ = rx.recv(); } #[test] fn test_rw_arc_poison_wr() { let arc = Arc::new(RwLock::new(1)); let arc2 = arc.clone(); let _: Result<(), _> = thread::spawn(move || { let _lock = arc2.write().unwrap(); panic!(); }).join(); assert!(arc.read().is_err()); } #[test] fn test_rw_arc_poison_ww() { let arc = Arc::new(RwLock::new(1)); assert!(!arc.is_poisoned()); let arc2 = arc.clone(); let _: Result<(), _> = thread::spawn(move || { let _lock = arc2.write().unwrap(); panic!(); }).join(); assert!(arc.write().is_err()); assert!(arc.is_poisoned()); } #[test] fn test_rw_arc_no_poison_rr() { let arc = Arc::new(RwLock::new(1)); let arc2 = arc.clone(); let _: Result<(), _> = thread::spawn(move || { let _lock = arc2.read().unwrap(); panic!(); }).join(); let lock = arc.read().unwrap(); assert_eq!(*lock, 1); } #[test] fn test_rw_arc_no_poison_rw() { let arc = Arc::new(RwLock::new(1)); let arc2 = arc.clone(); let _: Result<(), _> = thread::spawn(move || { let _lock = arc2.read().unwrap(); panic!() }).join(); let lock = arc.write().unwrap(); assert_eq!(*lock, 1); } #[test] fn test_rw_arc() { let arc = Arc::new(RwLock::new(0)); let arc2 = arc.clone(); let (tx, rx) = channel(); thread::spawn(move || { let mut lock = arc2.write().unwrap(); for _ in 0..10 { let tmp = *lock; *lock = -1; thread::yield_now(); *lock = tmp + 1; } tx.send(()).unwrap(); }); // Readers try to catch the writer in the act let mut children = Vec::new(); for _ in 0..5 { let arc3 = arc.clone(); children.push(thread::spawn(move || { let lock = arc3.read().unwrap(); assert!(*lock >= 0); })); } // Wait for children to pass their asserts for r in children { assert!(r.join().is_ok()); } // Wait for writer to finish rx.recv().unwrap(); let lock = arc.read().unwrap(); assert_eq!(*lock, 10); } #[test] fn test_rw_arc_access_in_unwind() { let arc = Arc::new(RwLock::new(1)); let arc2 = arc.clone(); let _ = thread::spawn(move || -> () { struct Unwinder { i: Arc<RwLock<isize>>, } impl Drop for Unwinder { fn drop(&mut self) { let mut lock = self.i.write().unwrap(); *lock += 1; } } let _u = Unwinder { i: arc2 }; panic!(); }).join(); let lock = arc.read().unwrap(); assert_eq!(*lock, 2); } #[test] fn test_rwlock_unsized() { let rw: &RwLock<[i32]> = &RwLock::new([1, 2, 3]); { let b = &mut *rw.write().unwrap(); b[0] = 4; b[2] = 5; } let comp: &[i32] = &[4, 2, 5]; assert_eq!(&*rw.read().unwrap(), comp); } #[test] fn test_rwlock_try_write() { let lock = RwLock::new(0isize); let read_guard = lock.read().unwrap(); let write_result = lock.try_write(); match write_result { Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock) => (), Ok(_) => assert!(false, "try_write should not succeed while read_guard is in scope"), Err(_) => assert!(false, "unexpected error"), } drop(read_guard); } #[test] fn test_into_inner() { let m = RwLock::new(NonCopy(10)); assert_eq!(m.into_inner().unwrap(), NonCopy(10)); } #[test] fn test_into_inner_drop() { struct Foo(Arc<AtomicUsize>); impl Drop for Foo { fn drop(&mut self) { self.0.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst); } } let num_drops = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0)); let m = RwLock::new(Foo(num_drops.clone())); assert_eq!(num_drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0); { let _inner = m.into_inner().unwrap(); assert_eq!(num_drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0); } assert_eq!(num_drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1); } #[test] fn test_into_inner_poison() { let m = Arc::new(RwLock::new(NonCopy(10))); let m2 = m.clone(); let _ = thread::spawn(move || { let _lock = m2.write().unwrap(); panic!("test panic in inner thread to poison RwLock"); }).join(); assert!(m.is_poisoned()); match Arc::try_unwrap(m).unwrap().into_inner() { Err(e) => assert_eq!(e.into_inner(), NonCopy(10)), Ok(x) => panic!("into_inner of poisoned RwLock is Ok: {:?}", x), } } #[test] fn test_get_mut() { let mut m = RwLock::new(NonCopy(10)); *m.get_mut().unwrap() = NonCopy(20); assert_eq!(m.into_inner().unwrap(), NonCopy(20)); } #[test] fn test_get_mut_poison() { let m = Arc::new(RwLock::new(NonCopy(10))); let m2 = m.clone(); let _ = thread::spawn(move || { let _lock = m2.write().unwrap(); panic!("test panic in inner thread to poison RwLock"); }).join(); assert!(m.is_poisoned()); match Arc::try_unwrap(m).unwrap().get_mut() { Err(e) => assert_eq!(*e.into_inner(), NonCopy(10)), Ok(x) => panic!("get_mut of poisoned RwLock is Ok: {:?}", x), } } }