1.0.0[][src]Trait core::convert::From

pub trait From<T>: Sized {
    fn from(_: T) -> Self;
}

Used to do value-to-value conversions while consuming the input value. It is the reciprocal of Into.

One should always prefer implementing From over Into because implementing From automatically provides one with a implementation of Into thanks to the blanket implementation in the standard library.

Only implement Into if a conversion to a type outside the current crate is required. From cannot do these type of conversions because of Rust's orphaning rules. See Into for more details.

Prefer using Into over using From when specifying trait bounds on a generic function. This way, types that directly implement Into can be used as arguments as well.

The From is also very useful when performing error handling. When constructing a function that is capable of failing, the return type will generally be of the form Result<T, E>. The From trait simplifies error handling by allowing a function to return a single error type that encapsulate multiple error types. See the "Examples" section and the book for more details.

Note: This trait must not fail. If the conversion can fail, use TryFrom.

Generic Implementations

Examples

String implements From<&str>:

An explicit conversion from a &str to a String is done as follows:

let string = "hello".to_string();
let other_string = String::from("hello");

assert_eq!(string, other_string);Run

While performing error handling it is often useful to implement From for your own error type. By converting underlying error types to our own custom error type that encapsulates the underlying error type, we can return a single error type without losing information on the underlying cause. The '?' operator automatically converts the underlying error type to our custom error type by calling Into<CliError>::into which is automatically provided when implementing From. The compiler then infers which implementation of Into should be used.

use std::fs;
use std::io;
use std::num;

enum CliError {
    IoError(io::Error),
    ParseError(num::ParseIntError),
}

impl From<io::Error> for CliError {
    fn from(error: io::Error) -> Self {
        CliError::IoError(error)
    }
}

impl From<num::ParseIntError> for CliError {
    fn from(error: num::ParseIntError) -> Self {
        CliError::ParseError(error)
    }
}

fn open_and_parse_file(file_name: &str) -> Result<i32, CliError> {
    let mut contents = fs::read_to_string(&file_name)?;
    let num: i32 = contents.trim().parse()?;
    Ok(num)
}Run

Required methods

fn from(_: T) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

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Implementors

impl From<!> for Infallible[src]

impl From<!> for TryFromIntError[src]

impl From<Infallible> for TryFromSliceError[src]

impl From<Infallible> for TryFromIntError[src]

impl From<NonZeroI128> for i128[src]

impl From<NonZeroI16> for i16[src]

impl From<NonZeroI32> for i32[src]

impl From<NonZeroI64> for i64[src]

impl From<NonZeroI8> for i8[src]

impl From<NonZeroIsize> for isize[src]

impl From<NonZeroU128> for u128[src]

impl From<NonZeroU16> for u16[src]

impl From<NonZeroU32> for u32[src]

impl From<NonZeroU64> for u64[src]

impl From<NonZeroU8> for u8[src]

impl From<NonZeroUsize> for usize[src]

impl From<bool> for AtomicBool[src]

fn from(b: bool) -> Self[src]

Converts a bool into an AtomicBool.

Examples

use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
let atomic_bool = AtomicBool::from(true);
assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", atomic_bool), "true")Run

impl From<bool> for i8[src]

Converts a bool to a i8. The resulting value is 0 for false and 1 for true values.

Examples

assert_eq!(i8::from(true), 1);
assert_eq!(i8::from(false), 0);Run

impl From<bool> for i16[src]

Converts a bool to a i16. The resulting value is 0 for false and 1 for true values.

Examples

assert_eq!(i16::from(true), 1);
assert_eq!(i16::from(false), 0);Run

impl From<bool> for i32[src]

Converts a bool to a i32. The resulting value is 0 for false and 1 for true values.

Examples

assert_eq!(i32::from(true), 1);
assert_eq!(i32::from(false), 0);Run

impl From<bool> for i64[src]

Converts a bool to a i64. The resulting value is 0 for false and 1 for true values.

Examples

assert_eq!(i64::from(true), 1);
assert_eq!(i64::from(false), 0);Run

impl From<bool> for i128[src]

Converts a bool to a i128. The resulting value is 0 for false and 1 for true values.

Examples

assert_eq!(i128::from(true), 1);
assert_eq!(i128::from(false), 0);Run

impl From<bool> for isize[src]

Converts a bool to a isize. The resulting value is 0 for false and 1 for true values.

Examples

assert_eq!(isize::from(true), 1);
assert_eq!(isize::from(false), 0);Run

impl From<bool> for u8[src]

Converts a bool to a u8. The resulting value is 0 for false and 1 for true values.

Examples

assert_eq!(u8::from(true), 1);
assert_eq!(u8::from(false), 0);Run

impl From<bool> for u16[src]

Converts a bool to a u16. The resulting value is 0 for false and 1 for true values.

Examples

assert_eq!(u16::from(true), 1);
assert_eq!(u16::from(false), 0);Run

impl From<bool> for u32[src]

Converts a bool to a u32. The resulting value is 0 for false and 1 for true values.

Examples

assert_eq!(u32::from(true), 1);
assert_eq!(u32::from(false), 0);Run

impl From<bool> for u64[src]

Converts a bool to a u64. The resulting value is 0 for false and 1 for true values.

Examples

assert_eq!(u64::from(true), 1);
assert_eq!(u64::from(false), 0);Run

impl From<bool> for u128[src]

Converts a bool to a u128. The resulting value is 0 for false and 1 for true values.

Examples

assert_eq!(u128::from(true), 1);
assert_eq!(u128::from(false), 0);Run

impl From<bool> for usize[src]

Converts a bool to a usize. The resulting value is 0 for false and 1 for true values.

Examples

assert_eq!(usize::from(true), 1);
assert_eq!(usize::from(false), 0);Run

impl From<char> for u32[src]

fn from(c: char) -> Self[src]

Converts a char into a u32.

Examples

use std::mem;

fn main() {
    let c = 'c';
    let u = u32::from(c);
    assert!(4 == mem::size_of_val(&u))
}Run

impl From<f32> for f64[src]

Converts f32 to f64 losslessly.

impl From<i8> for isize[src]

Converts i8 to isize losslessly.

impl From<i16> for isize[src]

Converts i16 to isize losslessly.

impl From<i128> for AtomicI128[src]

fn from(v: i128) -> Self[src]

Converts an i128 into an AtomicI128.

impl From<i16> for AtomicI16[src]

fn from(v: i16) -> Self[src]

Converts an i16 into an AtomicI16.

impl From<i16> for f32[src]

Converts i16 to f32 losslessly.

impl From<i16> for f64[src]

Converts i16 to f64 losslessly.

impl From<i16> for i32[src]

Converts i16 to i32 losslessly.

impl From<i16> for i64[src]

Converts i16 to i64 losslessly.

impl From<i16> for i128[src]

Converts i16 to i128 losslessly.

impl From<i32> for AtomicI32[src]

fn from(v: i32) -> Self[src]

Converts an i32 into an AtomicI32.

impl From<i32> for f64[src]

Converts i32 to f64 losslessly.

impl From<i32> for i64[src]

Converts i32 to i64 losslessly.

impl From<i32> for i128[src]

Converts i32 to i128 losslessly.

impl From<i64> for AtomicI64[src]

fn from(v: i64) -> Self[src]

Converts an i64 into an AtomicI64.

impl From<i64> for i128[src]

Converts i64 to i128 losslessly.

impl From<i8> for AtomicI8[src]

fn from(v: i8) -> Self[src]

Converts an i8 into an AtomicI8.

impl From<i8> for f32[src]

Converts i8 to f32 losslessly.

impl From<i8> for f64[src]

Converts i8 to f64 losslessly.

impl From<i8> for i16[src]

Converts i8 to i16 losslessly.

impl From<i8> for i32[src]

Converts i8 to i32 losslessly.

impl From<i8> for i64[src]

Converts i8 to i64 losslessly.

impl From<i8> for i128[src]

Converts i8 to i128 losslessly.

impl From<isize> for AtomicIsize[src]

fn from(v: isize) -> Self[src]

Converts an isize into an AtomicIsize.

impl From<u8> for usize[src]

Converts u8 to usize losslessly.

impl From<u8> for isize[src]

Converts u8 to isize losslessly.

impl From<u8> for char[src]

Maps a byte in 0x00...0xFF to a char whose code point has the same value, in U+0000 to U+00FF.

Unicode is designed such that this effectively decodes bytes with the character encoding that IANA calls ISO-8859-1. This encoding is compatible with ASCII.

Note that this is different from ISO/IEC 8859-1 a.k.a. ISO 8859-1 (with one less hyphen), which leaves some "blanks", byte values that are not assigned to any character. ISO-8859-1 (the IANA one) assigns them to the C0 and C1 control codes.

Note that this is also different from Windows-1252 a.k.a. code page 1252, which is a superset ISO/IEC 8859-1 that assigns some (not all!) blanks to punctuation and various Latin characters.

To confuse things further, on the Web ascii, iso-8859-1, and windows-1252 are all aliases for a superset of Windows-1252 that fills the remaining blanks with corresponding C0 and C1 control codes.

fn from(i: u8) -> Self[src]

Converts a u8 into a char.

Examples

use std::mem;

fn main() {
    let u = 32 as u8;
    let c = char::from(u);
    assert!(4 == mem::size_of_val(&c))
}Run

impl From<u16> for usize[src]

Converts u16 to usize losslessly.

impl From<u128> for AtomicU128[src]

fn from(v: u128) -> Self[src]

Converts an u128 into an AtomicU128.

impl From<u16> for AtomicU16[src]

fn from(v: u16) -> Self[src]

Converts an u16 into an AtomicU16.

impl From<u16> for f32[src]

Converts u16 to f32 losslessly.

impl From<u16> for f64[src]

Converts u16 to f64 losslessly.

impl From<u16> for i32[src]

Converts u16 to i32 losslessly.

impl From<u16> for i64[src]

Converts u16 to i64 losslessly.

impl From<u16> for i128[src]

Converts u16 to i128 losslessly.

impl From<u16> for u32[src]

Converts u16 to u32 losslessly.

impl From<u16> for u64[src]

Converts u16 to u64 losslessly.

impl From<u16> for u128[src]

Converts u16 to u128 losslessly.

impl From<u32> for AtomicU32[src]

fn from(v: u32) -> Self[src]

Converts an u32 into an AtomicU32.

impl From<u32> for f64[src]

Converts u32 to f64 losslessly.

impl From<u32> for i64[src]

Converts u32 to i64 losslessly.

impl From<u32> for i128[src]

Converts u32 to i128 losslessly.

impl From<u32> for u64[src]

Converts u32 to u64 losslessly.

impl From<u32> for u128[src]

Converts u32 to u128 losslessly.

impl From<u64> for AtomicU64[src]

fn from(v: u64) -> Self[src]

Converts an u64 into an AtomicU64.

impl From<u64> for i128[src]

Converts u64 to i128 losslessly.

impl From<u64> for u128[src]

Converts u64 to u128 losslessly.

impl From<u8> for AtomicU8[src]

fn from(v: u8) -> Self[src]

Converts an u8 into an AtomicU8.

impl From<u8> for f32[src]

Converts u8 to f32 losslessly.

impl From<u8> for f64[src]

Converts u8 to f64 losslessly.

impl From<u8> for i16[src]

Converts u8 to i16 losslessly.

impl From<u8> for i32[src]

Converts u8 to i32 losslessly.

impl From<u8> for i64[src]

Converts u8 to i64 losslessly.

impl From<u8> for i128[src]

Converts u8 to i128 losslessly.

impl From<u8> for u16[src]

Converts u8 to u16 losslessly.

impl From<u8> for u32[src]

Converts u8 to u32 losslessly.

impl From<u8> for u64[src]

Converts u8 to u64 losslessly.

impl From<u8> for u128[src]

Converts u8 to u128 losslessly.

impl From<usize> for AtomicUsize[src]

fn from(v: usize) -> Self[src]

Converts an usize into an AtomicUsize.

impl<'_, T: ?Sized> From<&'_ T> for NonNull<T>[src]

impl<'_, T: ?Sized> From<&'_ mut T> for NonNull<T>[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a Option<T>> for Option<&'a T>[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a mut Option<T>> for Option<&'a mut T>[src]

impl<T> From<*mut T> for AtomicPtr<T>[src]

impl<T> From<T> for Option<T>[src]

impl<T> From<T> for Poll<T>[src]

impl<T> From<T> for Cell<T>[src]

impl<T> From<T> for RefCell<T>[src]

impl<T> From<T> for UnsafeCell<T>[src]

impl<T> From<T> for T[src]

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