Struct std::rc::Rc

#[lang = "rc"]
pub struct Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized,  { /* fields omitted */ }

A single-threaded reference-counting pointer. 'Rc' stands for 'Reference Counted'.

See the module-level documentation for more details.

The inherent methods of Rc are all associated functions, which means that you have to call them as e.g., Rc::get_mut(&mut value) instead of value.get_mut(). This avoids conflicts with methods of the inner type T.

Methods

impl<T> Rc<T>

pub fn new(value: T) -> Rc<T>

Constructs a new Rc<T>.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

Important traits for Pin<P>

impl<P> Future for Pin<P> where
    P: Unpin + DerefMut,
    <P as Deref>::Target: Future,  type Output = <<P as Deref>::Target as Future>::Output;

pub fn pin(value: T) -> Pin<Rc<T>>

Constructs a new Pin<Rc<T>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then value will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

pub fn try_unwrap(this: Rc<T>) -> Result<T, Rc<T>>

Returns the contained value, if the Rc has exactly one strong reference.

Otherwise, an Err is returned with the same Rc that was passed in.

This will succeed even if there are outstanding weak references.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let x = Rc::new(3);
assert_eq!(Rc::try_unwrap(x), Ok(3));

let x = Rc::new(4);
let _y = Rc::clone(&x);
assert_eq!(*Rc::try_unwrap(x).unwrap_err(), 4);

impl<T> Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

pub fn into_raw(this: Rc<T>) -> *const T

Consumes the Rc, returning the wrapped pointer.

To avoid a memory leak the pointer must be converted back to an Rc using Rc::from_raw.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let x = Rc::new(10);
let x_ptr = Rc::into_raw(x);
assert_eq!(unsafe { *x_ptr }, 10);

pub unsafe fn from_raw(ptr: *const T) -> Rc<T>

Constructs an Rc from a raw pointer.

The raw pointer must have been previously returned by a call to a Rc::into_raw.

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory problems. For example, a double-free may occur if the function is called twice on the same raw pointer.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let x = Rc::new(10);
let x_ptr = Rc::into_raw(x);

unsafe {
    // Convert back to an `Rc` to prevent leak.
    let x = Rc::from_raw(x_ptr);
    assert_eq!(*x, 10);

    // Further calls to `Rc::from_raw(x_ptr)` would be memory unsafe.
}

// The memory was freed when `x` went out of scope above, so `x_ptr` is now dangling!

pub fn into_raw_non_null(this: Rc<T>) -> NonNull<T>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (rc_into_raw_non_null #47336)

Consumes the Rc, returning the wrapped pointer as NonNull<T>.

Examples

#![feature(rc_into_raw_non_null)]

use std::rc::Rc;

let x = Rc::new(10);
let ptr = Rc::into_raw_non_null(x);
let deref = unsafe { *ptr.as_ref() };
assert_eq!(deref, 10);

pub fn downgrade(this: &Rc<T>) -> Weak<T>

Creates a new Weak pointer to this value.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

let weak_five = Rc::downgrade(&five);

pub fn weak_count(this: &Rc<T>) -> usize

Gets the number of Weak pointers to this value.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);
let _weak_five = Rc::downgrade(&five);

assert_eq!(1, Rc::weak_count(&five));

pub fn strong_count(this: &Rc<T>) -> usize

Gets the number of strong (Rc) pointers to this value.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);
let _also_five = Rc::clone(&five);

assert_eq!(2, Rc::strong_count(&five));

pub fn get_mut(this: &mut Rc<T>) -> Option<&mut T>

Returns a mutable reference to the inner value, if there are no other Rc or Weak pointers to the same value.

Returns None otherwise, because it is not safe to mutate a shared value.

See also make_mut, which will clone the inner value when it's shared.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let mut x = Rc::new(3);
*Rc::get_mut(&mut x).unwrap() = 4;
assert_eq!(*x, 4);

let _y = Rc::clone(&x);
assert!(Rc::get_mut(&mut x).is_none());

pub fn ptr_eq(this: &Rc<T>, other: &Rc<T>) -> bool

Returns true if the two Rcs point to the same value (not just values that compare as equal).

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);
let same_five = Rc::clone(&five);
let other_five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(Rc::ptr_eq(&five, &same_five));
assert!(!Rc::ptr_eq(&five, &other_five));

impl<T> Rc<T> where
    T: Clone, 

Important traits for &'_ mut F

impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<'_, R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &'_ mut Rimpl<'_, W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &'_ mut W

pub fn make_mut(this: &mut Rc<T>) -> &mut T

Makes a mutable reference into the given Rc.

If there are other Rc or Weak pointers to the same value, then make_mut will invoke clone on the inner value to ensure unique ownership. This is also referred to as clone-on-write.

See also get_mut, which will fail rather than cloning.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let mut data = Rc::new(5);

*Rc::make_mut(&mut data) += 1;        // Won't clone anything
let mut other_data = Rc::clone(&data);    // Won't clone inner data
*Rc::make_mut(&mut data) += 1;        // Clones inner data
*Rc::make_mut(&mut data) += 1;        // Won't clone anything
*Rc::make_mut(&mut other_data) *= 2;  // Won't clone anything

// Now `data` and `other_data` point to different values.
assert_eq!(*data, 8);
assert_eq!(*other_data, 12);

impl Rc<dyn Any + 'static>

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Rc<T>, Rc<dyn Any + 'static>> where
    T: Any, 

Attempt to downcast the Rc<dyn Any> to a concrete type.

Examples

use std::any::Any;
use std::rc::Rc;

fn print_if_string(value: Rc<dyn Any>) {
    if let Ok(string) = value.downcast::<String>() {
        println!("String ({}): {}", string.len(), string);
    }
}

fn main() {
    let my_string = "Hello World".to_string();
    print_if_string(Rc::new(my_string));
    print_if_string(Rc::new(0i8));
}

Trait Implementations

impl<T, U> DispatchFromDyn<Rc<U>> for Rc<T> where
    T: Unsize<U> + ?Sized,
    U: ?Sized, 

impl<T> Eq for Rc<T> where
    T: Eq + ?Sized, 

impl<T> PartialOrd<Rc<T>> for Rc<T> where
    T: PartialOrd<T> + ?Sized, 

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Rc<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

Partial comparison for two Rcs.

The two are compared by calling partial_cmp() on their inner values.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::cmp::Ordering;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert_eq!(Some(Ordering::Less), five.partial_cmp(&Rc::new(6)));

fn lt(&self, other: &Rc<T>) -> bool

Less-than comparison for two Rcs.

The two are compared by calling < on their inner values.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(five < Rc::new(6));

fn le(&self, other: &Rc<T>) -> bool

'Less than or equal to' comparison for two Rcs.

The two are compared by calling <= on their inner values.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(five <= Rc::new(5));

fn gt(&self, other: &Rc<T>) -> bool

Greater-than comparison for two Rcs.

The two are compared by calling > on their inner values.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(five > Rc::new(4));

fn ge(&self, other: &Rc<T>) -> bool

'Greater than or equal to' comparison for two Rcs.

The two are compared by calling >= on their inner values.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(five >= Rc::new(5));

impl<T> Hash for Rc<T> where
    T: Hash + ?Sized, 

fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds this value into the given [Hasher].

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds a slice of this type into the given [Hasher].

impl<T> From<T> for Rc<T>

fn from(t: T) -> Rc<T>

Performs the conversion.

impl From<String> for Rc<str>

fn from(v: String) -> Rc<str>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> From<Vec<T>> for Rc<[T]>

fn from(v: Vec<T>) -> Rc<[T]>

Performs the conversion.

impl<'_> From<&'_ str> for Rc<str>

fn from(v: &str) -> Rc<str>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> From<Box<T>> for Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

fn from(v: Box<T>) -> Rc<T>

Performs the conversion.

impl<'_, T> From<&'_ [T]> for Rc<[T]> where
    T: Clone, 

fn from(v: &[T]) -> Rc<[T]>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> Ord for Rc<T> where
    T: Ord + ?Sized, 

fn cmp(&self, other: &Rc<T>) -> Ordering

Comparison for two Rcs.

The two are compared by calling cmp() on their inner values.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::cmp::Ordering;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert_eq!(Ordering::Less, five.cmp(&Rc::new(6)));

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (clamp #44095)

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

impl<T> Pointer for Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> !Sync for Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

impl<T> PartialEq<Rc<T>> for Rc<T> where
    T: PartialEq<T> + ?Sized, 

fn eq(&self, other: &Rc<T>) -> bool

Equality for two Rcs.

Two Rcs are equal if their inner values are equal.

If T also implements Eq, two Rcs that point to the same value are always equal.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(five == Rc::new(5));

fn ne(&self, other: &Rc<T>) -> bool

Inequality for two Rcs.

Two Rcs are unequal if their inner values are unequal.

If T also implements Eq, two Rcs that point to the same value are never unequal.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

assert!(five != Rc::new(6));

impl<T> Clone for Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

fn clone(&self) -> Rc<T>

Makes a clone of the Rc pointer.

This creates another pointer to the same inner value, increasing the strong reference count.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

let _ = Rc::clone(&five);

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<T> Default for Rc<T> where
    T: Default, 

fn default() -> Rc<T>

Creates a new Rc<T>, with the Default value for T.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let x: Rc<i32> = Default::default();
assert_eq!(*x, 0);

impl<T> !Send for Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

impl<T> Drop for Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

fn drop(&mut self)

Drops the Rc.

This will decrement the strong reference count. If the strong reference count reaches zero then the only other references (if any) are Weak, so we drop the inner value.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

struct Foo;

impl Drop for Foo {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        println!("dropped!");
    }
}

let foo  = Rc::new(Foo);
let foo2 = Rc::clone(&foo);

drop(foo);    // Doesn't print anything
drop(foo2);   // Prints "dropped!"

impl<T> Display for Rc<T> where
    T: Display + ?Sized, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Debug for Rc<T> where
    T: Debug + ?Sized, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Borrow<T> for Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

Important traits for &'_ mut F

impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<'_, R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &'_ mut Rimpl<'_, W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &'_ mut W

fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value.

impl<T, U> CoerceUnsized<Rc<U>> for Rc<T> where
    T: Unsize<U> + ?Sized,
    U: ?Sized, 

impl<T> AsRef<T> for Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

Important traits for &'_ mut F

impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<'_, R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &'_ mut Rimpl<'_, W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &'_ mut W

fn as_ref(&self) -> &T

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> Deref for Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

type Target = T

The resulting type after dereferencing.

Important traits for &'_ mut F

impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<'_, R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &'_ mut Rimpl<'_, W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &'_ mut W

fn deref(&self) -> &T

Dereferences the value.

impl<T> Unpin for Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

impl<T: RefUnwindSafe + ?Sized> UnwindSafe for Rc<T>

impl From<CString> for Rc<CStr>

fn from(s: CString) -> Rc<CStr>

Converts a CString into a Rc<CStr> without copying or allocating.

impl<'_> From<&'_ CStr> for Rc<CStr>

fn from(s: &CStr) -> Rc<CStr>

Performs the conversion.

impl From<OsString> for Rc<OsStr>

fn from(s: OsString) -> Rc<OsStr>

Converts a OsString into a Rc<OsStr> without copying or allocating.

impl<'_> From<&'_ OsStr> for Rc<OsStr>

fn from(s: &OsStr) -> Rc<OsStr>

Performs the conversion.

impl From<PathBuf> for Rc<Path>

fn from(s: PathBuf) -> Rc<Path>

Converts a Path into a Rc by copying the Path data into a new Rc buffer.

impl<'_> From<&'_ Path> for Rc<Path>

fn from(s: &Path) -> Rc<Path>

Converts a Path into a Rc by copying the Path data into a new Rc buffer.